Heat oil in a frying pan over medium heat. Add onion, garlic, carrot and celery. Cook, stirring, for 10 minutes or until softened. Add rosemary. Cook for 1 minute or until fragrant. Increase heat to high. Add mince. Cook, stirring with a wooden spoon to break up mince, for 6 to 8 minutes or until browned.
Add flour. Cook, stirring for 2 minutes. Add worcestershire sauce and paste. Cook, stirring, for 1 minute. Add stock. Bring to the boil. Reduce heat to low. Cook, stirring occasionally, for 25 to 30 minutes or until thickened. Season with salt and pepper.
Meanwhile, place potato in a large saucepan. Cover with cold water. Bring to the boil over high heat. Cook for 10 to 12 minutes or until tender. Drain. Return to pan over low heat. Add milk and ½ the butter. Mash until smooth.
Preheat oven to 200C/180C fan-forced. Spoon mince mixture into an 8 cup-capacity baking dish. Top with mash, using a fork to spread out over mince mixture. Dot with remaining butter. Bake for 20 minutes or until golden. Serve.
This excellent book covers the development of Concorde, through it being proposed, onto becoming an icon of the period and until it’s service cessation in the early 2000’s.
How Is Energy-rich Australia Running Out of Electricity?
Publisher:
South Melbourne, Victoria :, Affirm Press,, 2019.
ISBN:
9781925870176
Characteristics:
xvi, 270 pages ; 24 cm.
This book interested me as the global warming and renewable energy generation debate has gotten more heated recently and I wanted some facts.
The author explains that the renewable energy issue has gotten too political with the people who design and build the power grid, the engineers, are being left out of the problem too much.
Demand and Supply
Power is unlike water and gas. These can be easily stored and served as demand requires. Power must be consumed as it’s generated. In simple terms, too much supply and the voltage goes above the standard 230V; if there’s too little supply the voltage goes too low.
High and low volts can cause household appliances to fail plus many other issues. The incorrect frequency (as it’s AC) must be kept within standards otherwise transformers and other devices will fail.
Power can be stored but there are few options. Batteries are not large scale enough for an entire state and hydro is only an option with the correct geography.
Coal’s Demise
Coal fired power stations take many hours to start up and once they are on they are left on for lengthy periods. Coal is only good for a steady power demand and one that doesn’t change too quickly. They cannot fill in the gaps left by renewables.
Australia’s coal powers stations are aging out and will be gone once the last one is decommissioned. Private enterprise won’t take the risk (due to global warming) and governments don’t have the money to commission new coal power plants.
Integrating Solar and Wind
To date the only two successful renewable energy options are solar and wind. These sources vary depending on the wind and sun, totally independent of consumer demand.
The gaps between supply and demand must be “filled in” to prevent network instability. Firm power supplies, that is one’s that can fill in the potholes of the difference between consumer demand and renewable energy supplies, are diesel generators, gas power generators, storage batteries and pumped hydro-power.
The King Island Renewable Energy Integration Project
A great example of integrating wind, solar, batteries and diesel generation is the isolated grid on King Island called the The King Island Renewable Energy Integration Project.
There’s a real time monitoring screen that’s interesting to look at to see where power is coming from and where it’s going to. For some reason there are times when the diesel is dumping power into the load resistors. Maybe the generator has a minimum power output.
The KIRETIP real time monitoring screen.
While this works well for a small network it’s unknown how well it will scale to power a whole state.
Roof Top Solar Panels
Australia is in the unique position of having the highest rooftop penetration in the world. The author makes a good point that it’s introduction has been unplanned and is causing oversupply and therefore voltage issues in the network.
Before buying a PV system it’s best to check that your household’s supply voltage is not higher than 250V otherwise your system won’t be feeding any power in and will shut down, forcing you to take power from the grid.
Utility Solar
A better option would have been to have utility solar; that is large PV arrays designed, installed and maintained by engineers.
That way households with unsuitable roof’s would get the benefit of cheap solar that is sited in optimum locations and is connected to the grid such in a way that it doesn’t cause network problems.
Summary
Blackout is an excellent resource to begin to understand the problems Australia’s power grid is facing and the challenges ahead to integrate renewable energy.
Given that King Island’s diesel generator provides most of the power Labor’s and The Green’s target to get the entire country to 45% renewables seems unrealistic.
We need to get the politics out of renewables and let the engineers and planners to do their jobs.
An appropriate time to read this classic, just after Christmas.
It comes with more sadness than depicted in the many films of the same name. Scrooge continues to see his deceased business partner Marley which shows that he misses his only friend; but he’s too mean spirited to show it.
Eventually the ghosts of Christmas past show him the light and he gains happiness through giving to others and engaging with them.
We are all social animals and being apart can bring sadness; especially felt during the Christmas period.
